What is the Rotator Cuff?

The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and their tendons that stabilise the shoulder and help in everyday movements such as lifting, reaching overhead, and rotation of the arm. When one or more of these tendons get damaged or torn, it leads to pain, weakness, and reduced shoulder function.

Rotator cuff tears are among the most common causes of shoulder pain, especially in people over 40, athletes, and individuals performing repetitive overhead activities.

Causes of Rotator Cuff Tears

Rotator cuff tears may occur due to

• Age-related degeneration
• Overuse from sports or repetitive overhead work
• Accidents or trauma (fall, sudden jerk, heavy lifting)
• Poor posture or shoulder impingement
• Chronic inflammation and tendon wear

What is Shoulder Arthritis?

Shoulder arthritis occurs when the smooth cartilage that cushions the shoulder joint gradually wears away.

The shoulder has two major joints:

• Glenohumeral joint – between the humerus and glenoid
• AC joint (acromioclavicular) – between the collarbone and shoulder top

Arthritis can affect either of these, causing pain, stiffness, grinding sensations, and reduced arm movement. Over time, bone surfaces rub against each other, leading to inflammation, swelling, and progressive joint damage.